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George Washington De Long〔DeLong is a possible alternate spelling of the name; however, the alternate was not used by his biographers (including his widow Emma, Guttridge, Melville, Robinson, Ellsberg, Muir..., as well as Britannica and multiple other written sources including the Annual Reports of the Secretary of the Navy, 1880-1884) nor by Vilhjalmur Stefansson.〕 (August 22, 1844 – October 31, 1881) was a United States Navy officer and explorer. == Biography == Born in New York City, he was educated at the United States Naval Academy, and graduated in 1865.〔During the Civil War, the Naval Academy was relocated from Annapolis to Newport.〕 In 1879, backed by James Gordon Bennett, Jr., owner of the ''New York Herald'' newspaper, and under the auspices of the US Navy, Lieutenant Commander De Long sailed from San Francisco, California on the ship USS ''Jeannette'' with a plan to find a quick way to the North Pole via the Bering Strait. As well as collecting scientific data and animal specimens, De Long discovered and claimed three islands (De Long Islands) for the United States in the summer of 1881.〔 The ship became trapped in the ice pack in the Chukchi Sea northeast of Wrangel Island in September 1879. It drifted in the ice pack in a northwesterly direction until it was crushed in the shifting ice and sank on June 12, 1881 in the East Siberian Sea. De Long and his crew then traversed the ice pack to try to reach Siberia pulling three small boats. After reaching open water on September 11 they became separated and one boat, commanded by Executive Officer Charles W. Chipp, was lost; no trace of it was ever found. De Long's own boat reached land, but only two men sent ahead for aid survived. The third boat, under the command of Chief Engineer George W. Melville, reached the Lena delta and its crew were rescued.〔 De Long died of starvation near Matvay Hut, Yakutia, Siberia. Melville returned a few months later and found the bodies of De Long and his boat crew. Overall, the doomed voyage took the lives of twenty expedition members, as well as additional men lost during the search operations.〔 De Long and five of his men are buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx section of New York City.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George W. De Long」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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